Each HTML element must abide by rules defining what kind of content it can have. These rules are grouped into content models common to several elements. Each HTML element belongs to zero, one, or multiple content models, each setting rules that the element's content must follow in an HTML-conformant document.
This chapter describes JavaScript's expressions and operators, including assignment, comparison, arithmetic, bitwise, logical, string, ternary and more.
A block formatting context is a part of a visual CSS rendering of a Web page. It is the region in which the layout of block boxes occurs and in which floats interact with each other.
The background-size CSS property makes it possible to adjust the size of background images, instead of the default behavior of tiling the image at its full size. You can scale the image upward or downward as desired.
The CSS3 Flexible Box, or flexbox, is a layout mode providing for the arrangement of elements on a page such that the elements behave predictably when the page layout must accommodate different screen sizes and different display devices. For many applications, the flexible box model provides an improvement over the block model in that it does not use floats, nor do the flex container's margins collapse with the margins of its contents.
Using flexbox can help you design compelling layouts in web applications that scale better from desktop to mobile. Put an end to floating <div> elements, absolute positioning, and JavaScript hacks, and start building horizontal and vertical flowing layouts in just a few lines of CSS. Some basic example use cases:
Image sprites are used in numerous web apps where multiple images are used. Rather than include each image as a separate image file, it is much more memory and bandwidth-friendly to send them as a single image, so the number of HTTP requests is reduced.
CSS gradients are new types of <image> added in the CSS3 Image Module. Using CSS gradients lets you display smooth transitions between two or more specified colors. This lets you avoid using images for these effects, thereby reducing download time and bandwidth usage. In addition, because the gradient is generated by the browser, objects with gradients look better when zoomed, and you can adjust your layout much more flexibly.
CSS counters are, in essence, variables maintained by CSS whose values may be incremented by CSS rules to track how many times they're used. This lets you adjust the appearance of content based on its placement in the document. CSS counters are an implementation of Automatic counters and numbering in CSS 2.1.
Usually HTML pages can be considered two-dimensional, because text, images and other elements are arranged on the page without overlapping. There is a single rendering flow, and all elements are aware of the space taken by others. The z-index attribute lets you adjust the order of the layering of objects when rendering content.
Stacking context is the three-dimensional conceptualization of HTML elements along an imaginary z-axis relative to the user who is assumed to be facing the viewport or the webpage. HTML elements occupy this space in priority order based on element attributes.
A media query consists of an optional media type and zero or more expressions that limit the style sheets' scope by using media features, such as width, height, and color. Media queries, added in CSS3, let the presentation of content be tailored to a specific range of output devices without having to change the content itself.
HTML Drag and Drop interfaces enable applications to use drag and drop features in Firefox and other browsers. For example, with these features, the user can select draggable elements with a mouse, drag the elements to a droppable element, and drop those elements by releasing the mouse button. A translucent representation of the draggable elements follows the mouse pointer during the drag operation.
This tutorial walks you through using the asynchronous API of IndexedDB. If you are not familiar with IndexedDB, you should first read Basic Concepts About IndexedDB.