CSS - perspective
The perspective
CSS property determines the distance between the z=0 plane and the user in order to give to the 3D-positioned element some perspective. Each 3D element with z>0 becomes larger; each 3D-element with z<0 becomes smaller. The strength of the effect is determined by the value of this property.
Example
HTML Content
<table> <tbody> <tr> <th><code>perspective: 250px;</code> </th> <th><code>perspective: 350px;</code> </th> <th><code>perspective: 500px;</code> </th> </tr> <tr> <td> <div class="container"> <div class="cube pers250"> <div class="face front">1</div> <div class="face back">2</div> <div class="face right">3</div> <div class="face left">4</div> <div class="face top">5</div> <div class="face bottom">6</div> </div> </div> </td> <td> <div class="container"> <div class="cube pers350"> <div class="face front">1</div> <div class="face back">2</div> <div class="face right">3</div> <div class="face left">4</div> <div class="face top">5</div> <div class="face bottom">6</div> </div> </div> </td> <td> <div class="container"> <div class="cube pers500"> <div class="face front">1</div> <div class="face back">2</div> <div class="face right">3</div> <div class="face left">4</div> <div class="face top">5</div> <div class="face bottom">6</div> </div> </div> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>
CSS Content
/* Shorthand classes for different perspective values */ .pers250 { perspective: 250px; -webkit-perspective: 250px; } .pers350 { perspective: 350px; -webkit-perspective: 350px; } .pers500 { perspective: 500px; -webkit-perspective: 500px; } /* Define the container div, the cube div, and a generic face */ .container { width: 200px; height: 200px; margin: 75px 0 0 75px; border: none; } .cube { width: 100%; height: 100%; backface-visibility: visible; perspective-origin: 150% 150%; transform-style: preserve-3d; -webkit-backface-visibility: visible; -webkit-perspective-origin: 150% 150%; -webkit-transform-style: preserve-3d; } .face { display: block; position: absolute; width: 100px; height: 100px; border: none; line-height: 100px; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 60px; color: white; text-align: center; } /* Define each face based on direction */ .front { background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3); transform: translateZ(50px); -webkit-transform: translateZ(50px); } .back { background: rgba(0, 255, 0, 1); color: black; transform: rotateY(180deg) translateZ(50px); -webkit-transform: rotateY(180deg) translateZ(50px); } .right { background: rgba(196, 0, 0, 0.7); transform: rotateY(90deg) translateZ(50px); -webkit-transform: rotateY(90deg) translateZ(50px); } .left { background: rgba(0, 0, 196, 0.7); transform: rotateY(-90deg) translateZ(50px); -webkit-transform: rotateY(-90deg) translateZ(50px); } .top { background: rgba(196, 196, 0, 0.7); transform: rotateX(90deg) translateZ(50px); -webkit-transform: rotateX(90deg) translateZ(50px) } .bottom { background: rgba(196, 0, 196, 0.7); transform: rotateX(-90deg) translateZ(50px); -webkit-transform: rotateX(-90deg) translateZ(50px); } /* Make the table a little nicer */ th, p, td { background-color: #EEEEEE; padding: 10px; font-family: sans-serif; text-align: left; }
Result
Syntax
/* Keyword value */ perspective: none; /* <length> values */ perspective: 20px; perspective: 3.5em; /* Global values */ perspective: inherit; perspective: initial; perspective: unset;
Values
none
- Is a keyword indicating that no perspective transform has to be applied.
<length>
- Is a
<length>
giving the distance from the user to the z=0 plane. It is used to apply a perspective transform to the element and its content. If it0
or a negative value, no perspective transform is applied.
Formal syntax
none <a title="Single bar" href="css/value_definition_syntax#single_bar">|</a> <a title="Possible values: a number followed by'em', 'ex', 'ch', 'rem', 'px', 'cm', 'mm', 'in', 'vh', 'vw', 'vmin', 'vmax', 'pt', 'pc' or 'px', like 3px, 1.5cm, -0.5em or 0" href="css/length"><length></a>
Description
The perspective
CSS property determines the distance between the z=0 plane and the user in order to give to the 3D-positioned element some perspective. Each 3D element with z>0 becomes larger; each 3D-element with z<0 becomes smaller. The strength of the effect is determined by the value of this property.
The parts of the 3D elements that are behind the user, i.e. their z-axis coordinate is greater than the value of the perspective
CSS property, are not drawn.
The vanishing point is by default placed at the center of the element, but its position can be changed using the perspective-origin
property.
Using this property with a value different than 0
and none
creates a new stacking context.
Initial value | none |
---|---|
Applies to | transformable elements |
Inherited | no |
Media | visual |
Computed value | the absolute length or none |
Animatable | yes, as a length |
Canonical order | the unique non-ambiguous order defined by the formal grammar |
Creates stacking context | yes |
Browser Compatibility
Feature | Chrome | Firefox (Gecko) | Internet Explorer | Opera | Safari (WebKit) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Basic support | 10 | 15-webkit | (Yes)-webkit |
Feature | Android | Firefox Mobile (Gecko) | IE Phone | Opera Mobile | Safari Mobile |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Basic support | 3.0-webkit | 10.0 (10)-moz 16.0 (16)[1] |
8.1 | (Yes)-webkit | (Yes)-webkit |
[1] In addition to the unprefixed support, Gecko 45.0 (Firefox 45.0 / Thunderbird 45.0 / SeaMonkey 2.42) added support for a -webkit
prefixed version of the property for web compatibility reasons behind the preference layout.css.prefixes.webkit
, defaulting to false
. Since Gecko 49.0 (Firefox 49.0 / Thunderbird 49.0 / SeaMonkey 2.46) the preference defaults to true
.
See Also
Specifications
Specification | Status | Comment |
---|---|---|
CSS Transforms Level 1 The definition of 'perspective' in that specification. |
Working Draft | Initial definition |
License
© 2016 Mozilla Contributors
Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License v2.5 or later.
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-us/docs/web/css/perspective