if...else

The if statement executes a statement if a specified condition is true. If the condition is false, another statement can be executed.

Syntax

JavaScript
if (condition)
   statement1
[else
   statement2]
condition
An expression that evaluates to true or false.
statement1
Statement that is executed if condition evaluates to true. Can be any statement, including further nested if statements. To execute multiple statements, use a block statement ({ ... }) to group those statements, to execute no statements, use an empty statement.
statement2
Statement that is executed if condition evaluates to false and the else clause exists. Can be any statement, including block statements and further nested if statements.

Description

Multiple if...else statements can be nested to create an else if clause. Note that there is no elseif (in one word) keyword in JavaScript.

JavaScript
if (condition1)
   statement1
else if (condition2)
   statement2
else if (condition3)
   statement3
...
else
   statementN

To see how this works, this is how it would look like if the nesting were properly indented:

JavaScript
if (condition1)
   statement1
else
   if (condition2)
      statement2
   else
      if (condition3)
...

To execute multiple statements within a clause, use a block statement ({ ... }) to group those statements. In general, it is a good practice to always use block statements, especially in code involving nested if statements:

JavaScript
if (condition) {
   statements1
} else {
   statements2
}

Do not confuse the primitive boolean values true and false with the true and false values of the Boolean object. Any value that is not undefined, null, 0, NaN, or the empty string (""), and any object, including a Boolean object whose value is false, evaluates to true when passed to a conditional statement. For example:

JavaScript
var b = new Boolean(false);
if (b) // this condition evaluates to true

Examples

Using if...else

JavaScript
if (cipher_char === from_char) {
   result = result + to_char;
   x++;
} else {
   result = result + clear_char;
}

Using else if

Note that there is no elseif syntax in JavaScript. However, you can write it with a space between else and if:

JavaScript
if (x > 5) {

} else if (x > 50) {

} else {

}

Assignment within the conditional expression

It is advisable to not use simple assignments in a conditional expression, because the assignment can be confused with equality when glancing over the code. For example, do not use the following code:

JavaScript
if (x = y) {
   /* do the right thing */
}

If you need to use an assignment in a conditional expression, a common practice is to put additional parentheses around the assignment. For example:

JavaScript
if ((x = y)) {
   /* do the right thing */
}

Specifications

Specification Status Comment
ECMAScript 2017 Draft (ECMA-262)
The definition of 'if statement' in that specification.
Draft  
ECMAScript 2015 (6th Edition, ECMA-262)
The definition of 'if statement' in that specification.
Standard  
ECMAScript 5.1 (ECMA-262)
The definition of 'if statement' in that specification.
Standard  
ECMAScript 3rd Edition (ECMA-262)
The definition of 'if statement' in that specification.
Standard  
ECMAScript 1st Edition (ECMA-262)
The definition of 'if statement' in that specification.
Standard Initial definition

Browser compatibility

Feature Chrome Firefox (Gecko) Internet Explorer Opera Safari
Basic support (Yes) (Yes) (Yes) (Yes) (Yes)
Feature Android Chrome for Android Firefox Mobile (Gecko) IE Mobile Opera Mobile Safari Mobile
Basic support (Yes) (Yes) (Yes) (Yes) (Yes) (Yes)

See also

License

© 2016 Mozilla Contributors
Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License v2.5 or later.
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-us/docs/web/javascript/reference/statements/if...else

JavaScript Statement